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Which of the following has the strongest intermolecular forces?

a.) XA, AH vap = 37.6 kJ/mol
b.) XB, AH vap = 32.3 kJ/mol
c.) XC, AH vap = 41.0 kJ/mol
d.) XD, AH vap = 49.9 kJ/mol

Answer :

To determine which of the substances listed has the strongest intermolecular forces, we should look at their enthalpy of vaporization ([tex]\Delta H_{\text{vap}}[/tex]). The enthalpy of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert one mole of a substance from a liquid to a gas at constant temperature and pressure.

Stronger intermolecular forces mean more energy is required to separate the molecules and convert the liquid to a gas. Therefore, a higher [tex]\Delta H_{\text{vap}}[/tex] value indicates stronger intermolecular forces.

Given the values:

  • XA, [tex]\Delta H_{\text{vap}} = 37.6[/tex] kJ/mol
  • XB, [tex]\Delta H_{\text{vap}} = 32.3[/tex] kJ/mol
  • XC, [tex]\Delta H_{\text{vap}} = 41.0[/tex] kJ/mol
  • XD, [tex]\Delta H_{\text{vap}} = 49.9[/tex] kJ/mol

The substance with the highest [tex]\Delta H_{\text{vap}}[/tex] is XD, with a value of 49.9 kJ/mol. Therefore, option [tex]\text{(d)}[/tex] XD has the strongest intermolecular forces.

In summary, the intermolecular forces are stronger in XD than in the other substances because more energy is needed to overcome these forces and vaporize the liquid.

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